Source code for pymor.operators.block

# This file is part of the pyMOR project (http://www.pymor.org).
# Copyright 2013-2020 pyMOR developers and contributors. All rights reserved.
# License: BSD 2-Clause License (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause)

import numpy as np

from pymor.operators.constructions import IdentityOperator, ZeroOperator
from pymor.operators.interface import Operator
from pymor.vectorarrays.block import BlockVectorSpace


[docs]class BlockOperatorBase(Operator):
[docs] def _operators(self): """Iterator over operators.""" for (i, j) in np.ndindex(self.blocks.shape): yield self.blocks[i, j]
def __init__(self, blocks): self.blocks = blocks = np.array(blocks) assert 1 <= blocks.ndim <= 2 if self.blocked_source and self.blocked_range: assert blocks.ndim == 2 elif self.blocked_source: if blocks.ndim == 1: blocks.shape = (1, len(blocks)) else: if blocks.ndim == 1: blocks.shape = (len(blocks), 1) assert all(isinstance(op, Operator) or op is None for op in self._operators()) # check if every row/column contains at least one operator assert all(any(blocks[i, j] is not None for j in range(blocks.shape[1])) for i in range(blocks.shape[0])) assert all(any(blocks[i, j] is not None for i in range(blocks.shape[0])) for j in range(blocks.shape[1])) # find source/range spaces for every column/row source_spaces = [None for j in range(blocks.shape[1])] range_spaces = [None for i in range(blocks.shape[0])] for (i, j), op in np.ndenumerate(blocks): if op is not None: assert source_spaces[j] is None or op.source == source_spaces[j] source_spaces[j] = op.source assert range_spaces[i] is None or op.range == range_spaces[i] range_spaces[i] = op.range # turn Nones to ZeroOperators for (i, j) in np.ndindex(blocks.shape): if blocks[i, j] is None: self.blocks[i, j] = ZeroOperator(range_spaces[i], source_spaces[j]) self.source = BlockVectorSpace(source_spaces) if self.blocked_source else source_spaces[0] self.range = BlockVectorSpace(range_spaces) if self.blocked_range else range_spaces[0] self.num_source_blocks = len(source_spaces) self.num_range_blocks = len(range_spaces) self.linear = all(op.linear for op in self._operators()) @property def H(self): return self.adjoint_type(np.vectorize(lambda op: op.H)(self.blocks.T))
[docs] def apply(self, U, mu=None): assert U in self.source V_blocks = [None for i in range(self.num_range_blocks)] for (i, j), op in np.ndenumerate(self.blocks): if isinstance(op, ZeroOperator): Vi = op.range.zeros(len(U)) else: Vi = op.apply(U.block(j) if self.blocked_source else U, mu=mu) if V_blocks[i] is None: V_blocks[i] = Vi else: V_blocks[i] += Vi return self.range.make_array(V_blocks) if self.blocked_range else V_blocks[0]
[docs] def apply_adjoint(self, V, mu=None): assert V in self.range U_blocks = [None for j in range(self.num_source_blocks)] for (i, j), op in np.ndenumerate(self.blocks): if isinstance(op, ZeroOperator): Uj = op.source.zeros(len(V)) else: Uj = op.apply_adjoint(V.block(i) if self.blocked_range else V, mu=mu) if U_blocks[j] is None: U_blocks[j] = Uj else: U_blocks[j] += Uj return self.source.make_array(U_blocks) if self.blocked_source else U_blocks[0]
[docs] def assemble(self, mu=None): blocks = np.empty(self.blocks.shape, dtype=object) for (i, j) in np.ndindex(self.blocks.shape): blocks[i, j] = self.blocks[i, j].assemble(mu) if np.all(blocks == self.blocks): return self else: return self.__class__(blocks)
[docs] def as_range_array(self, mu=None): def process_row(row, space): R = space.empty() for op in row: R.append(op.as_range_array(mu)) return R subspaces = self.range.subspaces if self.blocked_range else [self.range] blocks = [process_row(row, space) for row, space in zip(self.blocks, subspaces)] return self.range.make_array(blocks) if self.blocked_range else blocks[0]
[docs] def as_source_array(self, mu=None): def process_col(col, space): R = space.empty() for op in col: R.append(op.as_source_array(mu)) return R subspaces = self.source.subspaces if self.blocked_source else [self.source] blocks = [process_col(col, space) for col, space in zip(self.blocks.T, subspaces)] return self.source.make_array(blocks) if self.blocked_source else blocks[0]
[docs] def d_mu(self, parameter, index=0): blocks = np.empty(self.blocks.shape, dtype=object) for (i, j) in np.ndindex(self.blocks.shape): blocks[i, j] = self.blocks[i, j].d_mu(parameter, index) return self.with_(blocks=blocks)
[docs]class BlockOperator(BlockOperatorBase): """A matrix of arbitrary |Operators|. This operator can be :meth:`applied <pymor.operators.interface.Operator.apply>` to a compatible :class:`BlockVectorArrays <pymor.vectorarrays.block.BlockVectorArray>`. Parameters ---------- blocks Two-dimensional array-like where each entry is an |Operator| or `None`. """ blocked_source = True blocked_range = True
[docs]class BlockRowOperator(BlockOperatorBase): """A row vector of arbitrary |Operators|.""" blocked_source = True blocked_range = False
[docs]class BlockColumnOperator(BlockOperatorBase): """A column vector of arbitrary |Operators|.""" blocked_source = False blocked_range = True
BlockOperator.adjoint_type = BlockOperator BlockRowOperator.adjoint_type = BlockColumnOperator BlockColumnOperator.adjoint_type = BlockRowOperator
[docs]class BlockProjectionOperator(BlockRowOperator): def __init__(self, block_space, component): assert isinstance(block_space, BlockVectorSpace) assert 0 <= component < len(block_space.subspaces) blocks = [ZeroOperator(space, space) if i != component else IdentityOperator(space) for i, space in enumerate(block_space.subspaces)] super().__init__(blocks)
[docs]class BlockEmbeddingOperator(BlockColumnOperator): def __init__(self, block_space, component): assert isinstance(block_space, BlockVectorSpace) assert 0 <= component < len(block_space.subspaces) blocks = [ZeroOperator(space, space) if i != component else IdentityOperator(space) for i, space in enumerate(block_space.subspaces)] super().__init__(blocks)
[docs]class BlockDiagonalOperator(BlockOperator): """Block diagonal |Operator| of arbitrary |Operators|. This is a specialization of :class:`BlockOperator` for the block diagonal case. """ def __init__(self, blocks): blocks = np.array(blocks) assert 1 <= blocks.ndim <= 2 if blocks.ndim == 2: blocks = np.diag(blocks) n = len(blocks) blocks2 = np.empty((n, n), dtype=object) for i, op in enumerate(blocks): blocks2[i, i] = op super().__init__(blocks2)
[docs] def apply(self, U, mu=None): assert U in self.source V_blocks = [self.blocks[i, i].apply(U.block(i), mu=mu) for i in range(self.num_range_blocks)] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def apply_adjoint(self, V, mu=None): assert V in self.range U_blocks = [self.blocks[i, i].apply_adjoint(V.block(i), mu=mu) for i in range(self.num_source_blocks)] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse(self, V, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert V in self.range assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.source and len(initial_guess) == len(V) U_blocks = [self.blocks[i, i].apply_inverse(V.block(i), mu=mu, initial_guess=(initial_guess.block(i) if initial_guess is not None else None), least_squares=least_squares) for i in range(self.num_source_blocks)] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse_adjoint(self, U, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert U in self.source assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.range and len(initial_guess) == len(U) V_blocks = [self.blocks[i, i].apply_inverse_adjoint(U.block(i), mu=mu, initial_guess=(initial_guess.block(i) if initial_guess is not None else None), least_squares=least_squares) for i in range(self.num_source_blocks)] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def assemble(self, mu=None): blocks = np.empty((self.num_source_blocks,), dtype=object) assembled = True for i in range(self.num_source_blocks): block_i = self.blocks[i, i].assemble(mu) assembled = assembled and block_i == self.blocks[i, i] blocks[i] = block_i if assembled: return self else: return self.__class__(blocks)
[docs]class SecondOrderModelOperator(BlockOperator): r"""BlockOperator appearing in SecondOrderModel.to_lti(). This represents a block operator .. math:: \mathcal{A} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & I \\ -K & -E \end{bmatrix}, which satisfies .. math:: \mathcal{A}^H &= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -K^H \\ I & -E^H \end{bmatrix}, \\ \mathcal{A}^{-1} &= \begin{bmatrix} -K^{-1} E & -K^{-1} \\ I & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \\ \mathcal{A}^{-H} &= \begin{bmatrix} -E^H K^{-H} & I \\ -K^{-H} & 0 \end{bmatrix}. Parameters ---------- E |Operator|. K |Operator|. """ def __init__(self, E, K): super().__init__([[None, IdentityOperator(E.source)], [K * (-1), E * (-1)]]) self.__auto_init(locals())
[docs] def apply(self, U, mu=None): assert U in self.source V_blocks = [U.block(1), -self.K.apply(U.block(0), mu=mu) - self.E.apply(U.block(1), mu=mu)] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def apply_adjoint(self, V, mu=None): assert V in self.range U_blocks = [-self.K.apply_adjoint(V.block(1), mu=mu), V.block(0) - self.E.apply_adjoint(V.block(1), mu=mu)] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse(self, V, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert V in self.range assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.source and len(initial_guess) == len(V) U_blocks = [-self.K.apply_inverse(self.E.apply(V.block(0), mu=mu) + V.block(1), mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares), V.block(0)] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse_adjoint(self, U, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert U in self.source assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.range and len(initial_guess) == len(U) KitU0 = self.K.apply_inverse_adjoint(U.block(0), mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) V_blocks = [-self.E.apply_adjoint(KitU0, mu=mu) + U.block(1), -KitU0] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def assemble(self, mu=None): E = self.E.assemble(mu) K = self.K.assemble(mu) if E == self.E and K == self.K: return self else: return self.__class__(E, K)
[docs]class ShiftedSecondOrderModelOperator(BlockOperator): r"""BlockOperator appearing in second-order systems. This represents a block operator .. math:: a \mathcal{E} + b \mathcal{A} = \begin{bmatrix} a I & b I \\ -b K & a M - b E \end{bmatrix}, which satisfies .. math:: (a \mathcal{E} + b \mathcal{A})^H &= \begin{bmatrix} \overline{a} I & -\overline{b} K^H \\ \overline{b} I & \overline{a} M^H - \overline{b} E^H \end{bmatrix}, \\ (a \mathcal{E} + b \mathcal{A})^{-1} &= \begin{bmatrix} (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-1} (a M - b E) & -b (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-1} \\ b (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-1} K & a (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-1} \end{bmatrix}, \\ (a \mathcal{E} + b \mathcal{A})^{-H} &= \begin{bmatrix} (a M - b E)^H (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-H} & \overline{b} K^H (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-H} \\ -\overline{b} (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-H} & \overline{a} (a^2 M - a b E + b^2 K)^{-H} \end{bmatrix}. Parameters ---------- M |Operator|. E |Operator|. K |Operator|. a, b Complex numbers. """ def __init__(self, M, E, K, a, b): super().__init__([[IdentityOperator(M.source) * a, IdentityOperator(M.source) * b], [((-b) * K).assemble(), (a * M - b * E).assemble()]]) self.__auto_init(locals())
[docs] def apply(self, U, mu=None): assert U in self.source V_blocks = [U.block(0) * self.a + U.block(1) * self.b, self.K.apply(U.block(0), mu=mu) * (-self.b) + self.M.apply(U.block(1), mu=mu) * self.a - self.E.apply(U.block(1), mu=mu) * self.b] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def apply_adjoint(self, V, mu=None): assert V in self.range U_blocks = [V.block(0) * self.a.conjugate() - self.K.apply_adjoint(V.block(1), mu=mu) * self.b.conjugate(), V.block(0) * self.b.conjugate() + self.M.apply_adjoint(V.block(1), mu=mu) * self.a.conjugate() - self.E.apply_adjoint(V.block(1), mu=mu) * self.b.conjugate()] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse(self, V, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert V in self.range assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.source and len(initial_guess) == len(V) aMmbEV0 = self.M.apply(V.block(0), mu=mu) * self.a - self.E.apply(V.block(0), mu=mu) * self.b KV0 = self.K.apply(V.block(0), mu=mu) a2MmabEpb2K = (self.a**2 * self.M - self.a * self.b * self.E + self.b**2 * self.K).assemble(mu=mu) a2MmabEpb2KiV1 = a2MmabEpb2K.apply_inverse(V.block(1), mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) U_blocks = [a2MmabEpb2K.apply_inverse(aMmbEV0, mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) - a2MmabEpb2KiV1 * self.b, a2MmabEpb2K.apply_inverse(KV0, mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) * self.b + a2MmabEpb2KiV1 * self.a] return self.source.make_array(U_blocks)
[docs] def apply_inverse_adjoint(self, U, mu=None, initial_guess=None, least_squares=False): assert U in self.source assert initial_guess is None or initial_guess in self.range and len(initial_guess) == len(U) a2MmabEpb2K = (self.a**2 * self.M - self.a * self.b * self.E + self.b**2 * self.K).assemble(mu=mu) a2MmabEpb2KitU0 = a2MmabEpb2K.apply_inverse_adjoint(U.block(0), mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) a2MmabEpb2KitU1 = a2MmabEpb2K.apply_inverse_adjoint(U.block(1), mu=mu, least_squares=least_squares) V_blocks = [self.M.apply_adjoint(a2MmabEpb2KitU0, mu=mu) * self.a.conjugate() - self.E.apply_adjoint(a2MmabEpb2KitU0, mu=mu) * self.b.conjugate() + self.K.apply_adjoint(a2MmabEpb2KitU1, mu=mu) * self.b.conjugate(), -a2MmabEpb2KitU0 * self.b.conjugate() + a2MmabEpb2KitU1 * self.a.conjugate()] return self.range.make_array(V_blocks)
[docs] def assemble(self, mu=None): M = self.M.assemble(mu) E = self.E.assemble(mu) K = self.K.assemble(mu) if M == self.M and E == self.E and K == self.K: return self else: return self.__class__(M, E, K, self.a, self.b)