Source code for pymor.reductors.sobt

# This file is part of the pyMOR project (http://www.pymor.org).
# Copyright 2013-2020 pyMOR developers and contributors. All rights reserved.
# License: BSD 2-Clause License (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause)

import numpy as np
import scipy.linalg as spla

from pymor.algorithms.gram_schmidt import gram_schmidt, gram_schmidt_biorth
from pymor.algorithms.projection import project
from pymor.core.base import BasicObject
from pymor.models.iosys import SecondOrderModel
from pymor.operators.constructions import IdentityOperator
from pymor.parameters.base import Mu
from pymor.reductors.basic import SOLTIPGReductor
from pymor.vectorarrays.numpy import NumpyVectorSpace


[docs]class GenericSOBTpvReductor(BasicObject): """Generic Second-Order Balanced Truncation position/velocity reductor. See [RS08]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """ def __init__(self, fom, mu=None): assert isinstance(fom, SecondOrderModel) if not isinstance(mu, Mu): mu = fom.parameters.parse(mu) assert fom.parameters.assert_compatible(mu) self.fom = fom self.mu = mu self.V = None self.W = None self._pg_reductor = None
[docs] def _gramians(self): """Return Gramians.""" raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def _projection_matrices_and_singular_values(self, r, gramians): """Return projection matrices and singular values.""" raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def reduce(self, r, projection='bfsr'): """Reduce using GenericSOBTpv. Parameters ---------- r Order of the reduced model. projection Projection method used: - `'sr'`: square root method - `'bfsr'`: balancing-free square root method (default, since it avoids scaling by singular values and orthogonalizes the projection matrices, which might make it more accurate than the square root method) - `'biorth'`: like the balancing-free square root method, except it biorthogonalizes the projection matrices Returns ------- rom Reduced-order |SecondOrderModel|. """ assert 0 < r < self.fom.order assert projection in ('sr', 'bfsr', 'biorth') # compute all necessary Gramian factors gramians = self._gramians() if r > min(len(g) for g in gramians): raise ValueError('r needs to be smaller than the sizes of Gramian factors.') # compute projection matrices self.V, self.W, singular_values = self._projection_matrices_and_singular_values(r, gramians) if projection == 'sr': alpha = 1 / np.sqrt(singular_values[:r]) self.V.scal(alpha) self.W.scal(alpha) elif projection == 'bfsr': gram_schmidt(self.V, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) gram_schmidt(self.W, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) elif projection == 'biorth': gram_schmidt_biorth(self.V, self.W, product=self.fom.M, copy=False) # find the reduced model if self.fom.parametric: fom_mu = self.fom.with_(**{op: getattr(self.fom, op).assemble(mu=self.mu) for op in ['M', 'E', 'K', 'B', 'Cp', 'Cv']}) else: fom_mu = self.fom self._pg_reductor = SOLTIPGReductor(fom_mu, self.W, self.V, projection == 'biorth') rom = self._pg_reductor.reduce() return rom
[docs] def reconstruct(self, u): """Reconstruct high-dimensional vector from reduced vector `u`.""" return self._pg_reductor.reconstruct(u)
[docs]class SOBTpReductor(GenericSOBTpvReductor): """Second-Order Balanced Truncation position reductor. See [RS08]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """
[docs] def _gramians(self): pcf = self.fom.gramian('pc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) pof = self.fom.gramian('po_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vcf = self.fom.gramian('vc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vof = self.fom.gramian('vo_lrcf', mu=self.mu) return pcf, pof, vcf, vof
[docs] def _projection_matrices_and_singular_values(self, r, gramians): pcf, pof, vcf, vof = gramians _, sp, Vp = spla.svd(pof.inner(pcf), lapack_driver='gesvd') Uv, _, _ = spla.svd(vof.inner(vcf, product=self.fom.M), lapack_driver='gesvd') Uv = Uv.T return pcf.lincomb(Vp[:r]), vof.lincomb(Uv[:r]), sp
[docs]class SOBTvReductor(GenericSOBTpvReductor): """Second-Order Balanced Truncation velocity reductor. See [RS08]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """
[docs] def _gramians(self): vcf = self.fom.gramian('vc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vof = self.fom.gramian('vo_lrcf', mu=self.mu) return vcf, vof
[docs] def _projection_matrices_and_singular_values(self, r, gramians): vcf, vof = gramians Uv, sv, Vv = spla.svd(vof.inner(vcf, product=self.fom.M), lapack_driver='gesvd') Uv = Uv.T return vcf.lincomb(Vv[:r]), vof.lincomb(Uv[:r]), sv
[docs]class SOBTpvReductor(GenericSOBTpvReductor): """Second-Order Balanced Truncation position-velocity reductor. See [RS08]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """
[docs] def _gramians(self): pcf = self.fom.gramian('pc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vof = self.fom.gramian('vo_lrcf', mu=self.mu) return pcf, vof
[docs] def _projection_matrices_and_singular_values(self, r, gramians): pcf, vof = gramians Upv, spv, Vpv = spla.svd(vof.inner(pcf, product=self.fom.M), lapack_driver='gesvd') Upv = Upv.T return pcf.lincomb(Vpv[:r]), vof.lincomb(Upv[:r]), spv
[docs]class SOBTvpReductor(GenericSOBTpvReductor): """Second-Order Balanced Truncation velocity-position reductor. See [RS08]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """
[docs] def _gramians(self): pof = self.fom.gramian('po_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vcf = self.fom.gramian('vc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vof = self.fom.gramian('vo_lrcf', mu=self.mu) return pof, vcf, vof
[docs] def _projection_matrices_and_singular_values(self, r, gramians): pof, vcf, vof = gramians Uv, _, _ = spla.svd(vof.inner(vcf, product=self.fom.M), lapack_driver='gesvd') Uv = Uv.T _, svp, Vvp = spla.svd(pof.inner(vcf), lapack_driver='gesvd') return vcf.lincomb(Vvp[:r]), vof.lincomb(Uv[:r]), svp
[docs]class SOBTfvReductor(BasicObject): """Free-velocity Second-Order Balanced Truncation reductor. See [MS96]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """ def __init__(self, fom, mu=None): assert isinstance(fom, SecondOrderModel) if not isinstance(mu, Mu): mu = fom.parameters.parse(mu) assert fom.parameters.assert_compatible(mu) self.fom = fom self.mu = mu self.V = None self.W = None self._pg_reductor = None
[docs] def reduce(self, r, projection='bfsr'): """Reduce using SOBTfv. Parameters ---------- r Order of the reduced model. projection Projection method used: - `'sr'`: square root method - `'bfsr'`: balancing-free square root method (default, since it avoids scaling by singular values and orthogonalizes the projection matrices, which might make it more accurate than the square root method) - `'biorth'`: like the balancing-free square root method, except it biorthogonalizes the projection matrices Returns ------- rom Reduced-order |SecondOrderModel|. """ assert 0 < r < self.fom.order assert projection in ('sr', 'bfsr', 'biorth') # compute all necessary Gramian factors pcf = self.fom.gramian('pc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) pof = self.fom.gramian('po_lrcf', mu=self.mu) if r > min(len(pcf), len(pof)): raise ValueError('r needs to be smaller than the sizes of Gramian factors.') # find necessary SVDs _, sp, Vp = spla.svd(pof.inner(pcf), lapack_driver='gesvd') # compute projection matrices self.V = pcf.lincomb(Vp[:r]) if projection == 'sr': alpha = 1 / np.sqrt(sp[:r]) self.V.scal(alpha) elif projection == 'bfsr': gram_schmidt(self.V, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) elif projection == 'biorth': gram_schmidt(self.V, product=self.fom.M, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) self.W = self.V # find the reduced model if self.fom.parametric: fom_mu = self.fom.with_(**{op: getattr(self.fom, op).assemble(mu=self.mu) for op in ['M', 'E', 'K', 'B', 'Cp', 'Cv']}) else: fom_mu = self.fom self._pg_reductor = SOLTIPGReductor(fom_mu, self.W, self.V, projection == 'biorth') rom = self._pg_reductor.reduce() return rom
[docs] def reconstruct(self, u): """Reconstruct high-dimensional vector from reduced vector `u`.""" return self._pg_reductor.reconstruct(u)
[docs]class SOBTReductor(BasicObject): """Second-Order Balanced Truncation reductor. See [CLVV06]_. Parameters ---------- fom The full-order |SecondOrderModel| to reduce. mu |Parameter values|. """ def __init__(self, fom, mu=None): assert isinstance(fom, SecondOrderModel) if not isinstance(mu, Mu): mu = fom.parameters.parse(mu) assert fom.parameters.assert_compatible(mu) self.fom = fom self.mu = mu self.V1 = None self.W1 = None self.V2 = None self.W2 = None
[docs] def reduce(self, r, projection='bfsr'): """Reduce using SOBT. Parameters ---------- r Order of the reduced model. projection Projection method used: - `'sr'`: square root method - `'bfsr'`: balancing-free square root method (default, since it avoids scaling by singular values and orthogonalizes the projection matrices, which might make it more accurate than the square root method) - `'biorth'`: like the balancing-free square root method, except it biorthogonalizes the projection matrices Returns ------- rom Reduced-order |SecondOrderModel|. """ assert 0 < r < self.fom.order assert projection in ('sr', 'bfsr', 'biorth') # compute all necessary Gramian factors pcf = self.fom.gramian('pc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) pof = self.fom.gramian('po_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vcf = self.fom.gramian('vc_lrcf', mu=self.mu) vof = self.fom.gramian('vo_lrcf', mu=self.mu) if r > min(len(pcf), len(pof), len(vcf), len(vof)): raise ValueError('r needs to be smaller than the sizes of Gramian factors.') # find necessary SVDs Up, sp, Vp = spla.svd(pof.inner(pcf), lapack_driver='gesvd') Up = Up.T Uv, sv, Vv = spla.svd(vof.inner(vcf, product=self.fom.M), lapack_driver='gesvd') Uv = Uv.T # compute projection matrices and find the reduced model self.V1 = pcf.lincomb(Vp[:r]) self.W1 = pof.lincomb(Up[:r]) self.V2 = vcf.lincomb(Vv[:r]) self.W2 = vof.lincomb(Uv[:r]) if projection == 'sr': alpha1 = 1 / np.sqrt(sp[:r]) self.V1.scal(alpha1) self.W1.scal(alpha1) alpha2 = 1 / np.sqrt(sv[:r]) self.V2.scal(alpha2) self.W2.scal(alpha2) W1TV1invW1TV2 = self.W1.inner(self.V2) projected_ops = {'M': IdentityOperator(NumpyVectorSpace(r))} elif projection == 'bfsr': gram_schmidt(self.V1, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) gram_schmidt(self.W1, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) gram_schmidt(self.V2, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) gram_schmidt(self.W2, atol=0, rtol=0, copy=False) W1TV1invW1TV2 = spla.solve(self.W1.inner(self.V1), self.W1.inner(self.V2)) projected_ops = {'M': project(self.fom.M, range_basis=self.W2, source_basis=self.V2)} elif projection == 'biorth': gram_schmidt_biorth(self.V1, self.W1, copy=False) gram_schmidt_biorth(self.V2, self.W2, product=self.fom.M, copy=False) W1TV1invW1TV2 = self.W1.inner(self.V2) projected_ops = {'M': IdentityOperator(NumpyVectorSpace(r))} projected_ops.update({ 'E': project(self.fom.E.assemble(mu=self.mu), range_basis=self.W2, source_basis=self.V2), 'K': project(self.fom.K.assemble(mu=self.mu), range_basis=self.W2, source_basis=self.V1.lincomb(W1TV1invW1TV2.T)), 'B': project(self.fom.B.assemble(mu=self.mu), range_basis=self.W2, source_basis=None), 'Cp': project(self.fom.Cp.assemble(mu=self.mu), range_basis=None, source_basis=self.V1.lincomb(W1TV1invW1TV2.T)), 'Cv': project(self.fom.Cv.assemble(mu=self.mu), range_basis=None, source_basis=self.V2), 'D': self.fom.D.assemble(mu=self.mu), }) rom = SecondOrderModel(name=self.fom.name + '_reduced', **projected_ops) rom.disable_logging() return rom
[docs] def reconstruct(self, u): """Reconstruct high-dimensional vector from reduced vector `u`.""" raise TypeError(f'The reconstruct method is not available for {self.__class__.__name__}.')