#!/usr/bin/env python
# This file is part of the pyMOR project (http://www.pymor.org).
# Copyright 2013-2020 pyMOR developers and contributors. All rights reserved.
# License: BSD 2-Clause License (http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause)
"""Thermalblock demo.
Usage:
thermalblock.py [options] XBLOCKS YBLOCKS SNAPSHOTS RBSIZE
thermalblock.py -h | --help
Arguments:
XBLOCKS Number of blocks in x direction.
YBLOCKS Number of blocks in y direction.
SNAPSHOTS naive: ignored
greedy/pod: Number of training_set parameters per block
(in total SNAPSHOTS^(XBLOCKS * YBLOCKS)
parameters).
adaptive_greedy: size of validation set.
RBSIZE Size of the reduced basis
Options:
--adaptive-greedy-rho=RHO See pymor.algorithms.adaptivegreedy [default: 1.1].
--adaptive-greedy-gamma=GAMMA See pymor.algorithms.adaptivegreedy [default: 0.2].
--adaptive-greedy-theta=THETA See pymor.algorithms.adaptivegreedy [default: 0.]
--alg=ALG The model reduction algorithm to use
(naive, greedy, adaptive_greedy, pod) [default: greedy].
--cache-region=REGION Name of cache region to use for caching solution snapshots
(none, memory, disk, persistent) [default: none].
--extension-alg=ALG Basis extension algorithm (trivial, gram_schmidt)
to be used [default: gram_schmidt].
--fenics Use FEniCS model.
--grid=NI Use grid with 4*NI*NI elements [default: 100].
-h, --help Show this message.
--ipython-engines=COUNT If positive, the number of IPython cluster engines to use for
parallel greedy search. If zero, no parallelization is performed.
[default: 0]
--ipython-profile=PROFILE IPython profile to use for parallelization.
--list-vector-array Solve using ListVectorArray[NumpyVector] instead of NumpyVectorArray.
--order=ORDER Polynomial order of the Lagrange finite elements to use in FEniCS
model [default: 1].
--pickle=PREFIX Pickle reduced model, as well as reductor and high-dimensional
model to files with this prefix.
--plot-err Plot error.
--plot-solutions Plot some example solutions.
--plot-error-sequence Plot reduction error vs. basis size.
--product=PROD Product (euclidean, h1) w.r.t. which to orthonormalize
and calculate Riesz representatives [default: h1].
--reductor=RED Reductor (error estimator) to choose (traditional, residual_basis)
[default: residual_basis]
--test=COUNT Use COUNT snapshots for stochastic error estimation
[default: 10].
--greedy-without-estimator Do not use error estimator for basis generation.
"""
import sys
import time
from docopt import docopt
from pymor.algorithms.error import reduction_error_analysis
from pymor.core.pickle import dump
from pymor.parallel.default import new_parallel_pool
[docs]def main(args):
args = parse_arguments(args)
pool = new_parallel_pool(ipython_num_engines=args['--ipython-engines'], ipython_profile=args['--ipython-profile'])
if args['--fenics']:
fom, fom_summary = discretize_fenics(args['XBLOCKS'], args['YBLOCKS'], args['--grid'], args['--order'])
else:
fom, fom_summary = discretize_pymor(args['XBLOCKS'], args['YBLOCKS'], args['--grid'], args['--list-vector-array'])
parameter_space = fom.parameters.space(0.1, 1.)
if args['--cache-region'] != 'none':
# building a cache_id is only needed for persistent CacheRegions
cache_id = (f"pymordemos.thermalblock {args['--fenics']} {args['XBLOCKS']} {args['YBLOCKS']}"
f"{args['--grid']} {args['--order']}")
fom.enable_caching(args['--cache-region'], cache_id)
if args['--plot-solutions']:
print('Showing some solutions')
Us = ()
legend = ()
for mu in parameter_space.sample_randomly(2):
print(f"Solving for diffusion = \n{mu['diffusion']} ... ")
sys.stdout.flush()
Us = Us + (fom.solve(mu),)
legend = legend + (str(mu['diffusion']),)
fom.visualize(Us, legend=legend, title='Detailed Solutions for different parameters',
separate_colorbars=False, block=True)
print('RB generation ...')
# define estimator for coercivity constant
from pymor.parameters.functionals import ExpressionParameterFunctional
coercivity_estimator = ExpressionParameterFunctional('min(diffusion)', fom.parameters)
# inner product for computation of Riesz representatives
product = fom.h1_0_semi_product if args['--product'] == 'h1' else None
if args['--reductor'] == 'residual_basis':
from pymor.reductors.coercive import CoerciveRBReductor
reductor = CoerciveRBReductor(fom, product=product, coercivity_estimator=coercivity_estimator,
check_orthonormality=False)
elif args['--reductor'] == 'traditional':
from pymor.reductors.coercive import SimpleCoerciveRBReductor
reductor = SimpleCoerciveRBReductor(fom, product=product, coercivity_estimator=coercivity_estimator,
check_orthonormality=False)
else:
assert False # this should never happen
if args['--alg'] == 'naive':
rom, red_summary = reduce_naive(fom=fom, reductor=reductor, parameter_space=parameter_space,
basis_size=args['RBSIZE'])
elif args['--alg'] == 'greedy':
parallel = not (args['--fenics'] and args['--greedy-without-estimator']) # cannot pickle FEniCS model
rom, red_summary = reduce_greedy(fom=fom, reductor=reductor, parameter_space=parameter_space,
snapshots_per_block=args['SNAPSHOTS'],
extension_alg_name=args['--extension-alg'],
max_extensions=args['RBSIZE'],
use_estimator=not args['--greedy-without-estimator'],
pool=pool if parallel else None)
elif args['--alg'] == 'adaptive_greedy':
parallel = not (args['--fenics'] and args['--greedy-without-estimator']) # cannot pickle FEniCS model
rom, red_summary = reduce_adaptive_greedy(fom=fom, reductor=reductor, parameter_space=parameter_space,
validation_mus=args['SNAPSHOTS'],
extension_alg_name=args['--extension-alg'],
max_extensions=args['RBSIZE'],
use_estimator=not args['--greedy-without-estimator'],
rho=args['--adaptive-greedy-rho'],
gamma=args['--adaptive-greedy-gamma'],
theta=args['--adaptive-greedy-theta'],
pool=pool if parallel else None)
elif args['--alg'] == 'pod':
rom, red_summary = reduce_pod(fom=fom, reductor=reductor, parameter_space=parameter_space,
snapshots_per_block=args['SNAPSHOTS'],
basis_size=args['RBSIZE'])
else:
assert False # this should never happen
if args['--pickle']:
print(f"\nWriting reduced model to file {args['--pickle']}_reduced ...")
with open(args['--pickle'] + '_reduced', 'wb') as f:
dump((rom, parameter_space), f)
if not args['--fenics']: # FEniCS data structures do not support serialization
print(f"Writing detailed model and reductor to file {args['--pickle']}_detailed ...")
with open(args['--pickle'] + '_detailed', 'wb') as f:
dump((fom, reductor), f)
print('\nSearching for maximum error on random snapshots ...')
results = reduction_error_analysis(rom,
fom=fom,
reductor=reductor,
estimator=True,
error_norms=(fom.h1_0_semi_norm, fom.l2_norm),
condition=True,
test_mus=parameter_space.sample_randomly(args['--test'], seed=999),
basis_sizes=0 if args['--plot-error-sequence'] else 1,
plot=args['--plot-error-sequence'],
pool=None if args['--fenics'] else pool # cannot pickle FEniCS model
)
print('\n*** RESULTS ***\n')
print(fom_summary)
print(red_summary)
print(results['summary'])
sys.stdout.flush()
if args['--plot-error-sequence']:
import matplotlib.pyplot
matplotlib.pyplot.show(results['figure'])
if args['--plot-err']:
mumax = results['max_error_mus'][0, -1]
U = fom.solve(mumax)
URB = reductor.reconstruct(rom.solve(mumax))
fom.visualize((U, URB, U - URB), legend=('Detailed Solution', 'Reduced Solution', 'Error'),
title='Maximum Error Solution', separate_colorbars=True, block=True)
return results
[docs]def parse_arguments(args):
args = docopt(__doc__, args)
args['XBLOCKS'] = int(args['XBLOCKS'])
args['YBLOCKS'] = int(args['YBLOCKS'])
args['SNAPSHOTS'] = int(args['SNAPSHOTS'])
args['RBSIZE'] = int(args['RBSIZE'])
args['--adaptive-greedy-rho'] = float(args['--adaptive-greedy-rho'])
args['--adaptive-greedy-gamma'] = float(args['--adaptive-greedy-gamma'])
args['--adaptive-greedy-theta'] = float(args['--adaptive-greedy-theta'])
args['--alg'] = args['--alg'].lower()
args['--cache-region'] = args['--cache-region'].lower()
args['--extension-alg'] = args['--extension-alg'].lower()
args['--grid'] = int(args['--grid'])
args['--ipython-engines'] = int(args['--ipython-engines'])
args['--order'] = int(args['--order'])
args['--product'] = args['--product'].lower()
args['--reductor'] = args['--reductor'].lower()
args['--test'] = int(args['--test'])
assert args['--alg'] in {'naive', 'greedy', 'adaptive_greedy', 'pod'}
assert args['--cache-region'] in {'none', 'memory', 'disk', 'persistent'}
assert args['--extension-alg'] in {'trivial', 'gram_schmidt', 'h1_gram_schmidt'}
assert args['--product'] in {'euclidean', 'h1'}
assert args['--reductor'] in {'traditional', 'residual_basis'}
if args['--fenics']:
if args['--cache-region'] != 'none':
raise ValueError('Caching of high-dimensional solutions is not supported for FEniCS model.')
else:
if args['--order'] != 1:
raise ValueError('Higher-order finite elements only supported for FEniCS model.')
return args
[docs]def discretize_pymor(xblocks, yblocks, grid_num_intervals, use_list_vector_array):
from pymor.analyticalproblems.thermalblock import thermal_block_problem
from pymor.discretizers.builtin import discretize_stationary_cg
from pymor.discretizers.builtin.list import convert_to_numpy_list_vector_array
print('Discretize ...')
# setup analytical problem
problem = thermal_block_problem(num_blocks=(xblocks, yblocks))
# discretize using continuous finite elements
fom, _ = discretize_stationary_cg(problem, diameter=1. / grid_num_intervals)
if use_list_vector_array:
fom = convert_to_numpy_list_vector_array(fom)
summary = f'''pyMOR model:
number of blocks: {xblocks}x{yblocks}
grid intervals: {grid_num_intervals}
ListVectorArray: {use_list_vector_array}
'''
return fom, summary
[docs]def discretize_fenics(xblocks, yblocks, grid_num_intervals, element_order):
from pymor.tools import mpi
if mpi.parallel:
from pymor.models.mpi import mpi_wrap_model
fom = mpi_wrap_model(lambda: _discretize_fenics(xblocks, yblocks, grid_num_intervals, element_order),
use_with=True, pickle_local_spaces=False)
else:
fom = _discretize_fenics(xblocks, yblocks, grid_num_intervals, element_order)
summary = f'''FEniCS model:
number of blocks: {xblocks}x{yblocks}
grid intervals: {grid_num_intervals}
finite element order: {element_order}
'''
return fom, summary
def _discretize_fenics(xblocks, yblocks, grid_num_intervals, element_order):
# assemble system matrices - FEniCS code
########################################
import dolfin as df
mesh = df.UnitSquareMesh(grid_num_intervals, grid_num_intervals, 'crossed')
V = df.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'Lagrange', element_order)
u = df.TrialFunction(V)
v = df.TestFunction(V)
diffusion = df.Expression('(lower0 <= x[0]) * (open0 ? (x[0] < upper0) : (x[0] <= upper0)) *'
'(lower1 <= x[1]) * (open1 ? (x[1] < upper1) : (x[1] <= upper1))',
lower0=0., upper0=0., open0=0,
lower1=0., upper1=0., open1=0,
element=df.FunctionSpace(mesh, 'DG', 0).ufl_element())
def assemble_matrix(x, y, nx, ny):
diffusion.user_parameters['lower0'] = x/nx
diffusion.user_parameters['lower1'] = y/ny
diffusion.user_parameters['upper0'] = (x + 1)/nx
diffusion.user_parameters['upper1'] = (y + 1)/ny
diffusion.user_parameters['open0'] = (x + 1 == nx)
diffusion.user_parameters['open1'] = (y + 1 == ny)
return df.assemble(df.inner(diffusion * df.nabla_grad(u), df.nabla_grad(v)) * df.dx)
mats = [assemble_matrix(x, y, xblocks, yblocks)
for x in range(xblocks) for y in range(yblocks)]
mat0 = mats[0].copy()
mat0.zero()
h1_mat = df.assemble(df.inner(df.nabla_grad(u), df.nabla_grad(v)) * df.dx)
l2_mat = df.assemble(u * v * df.dx)
f = df.Constant(1.) * v * df.dx
F = df.assemble(f)
bc = df.DirichletBC(V, 0., df.DomainBoundary())
for m in mats:
bc.zero(m)
bc.apply(mat0)
bc.apply(h1_mat)
bc.apply(F)
# wrap everything as a pyMOR model
##################################
# FEniCS wrappers
from pymor.bindings.fenics import FenicsVectorSpace, FenicsMatrixOperator, FenicsVisualizer
# generic pyMOR classes
from pymor.models.basic import StationaryModel
from pymor.operators.constructions import LincombOperator, VectorOperator
from pymor.parameters.functionals import ProjectionParameterFunctional
# define parameter functionals (same as in pymor.analyticalproblems.thermalblock)
def parameter_functional_factory(x, y):
return ProjectionParameterFunctional('diffusion',
size=yblocks*xblocks,
index=yblocks - y - 1 + x * yblocks,
name=f'diffusion_{x}_{y}')
parameter_functionals = tuple(parameter_functional_factory(x, y)
for x in range(xblocks) for y in range(yblocks))
# wrap operators
ops = [FenicsMatrixOperator(mat0, V, V)] + [FenicsMatrixOperator(m, V, V) for m in mats]
op = LincombOperator(ops, (1.,) + parameter_functionals)
rhs = VectorOperator(FenicsVectorSpace(V).make_array([F]))
h1_product = FenicsMatrixOperator(h1_mat, V, V, name='h1_0_semi')
l2_product = FenicsMatrixOperator(l2_mat, V, V, name='l2')
# build model
visualizer = FenicsVisualizer(FenicsVectorSpace(V))
fom = StationaryModel(op, rhs, products={'h1_0_semi': h1_product,
'l2': l2_product},
visualizer=visualizer)
return fom
[docs]def reduce_naive(fom, reductor, parameter_space, basis_size):
tic = time.time()
training_set = parameter_space.sample_randomly(basis_size)
for mu in training_set:
reductor.extend_basis(fom.solve(mu), method='trivial')
rom = reductor.reduce()
elapsed_time = time.time() - tic
summary = f'''Naive basis generation:
basis size set: {basis_size}
elapsed time: {elapsed_time}
'''
return rom, summary
[docs]def reduce_greedy(fom, reductor, parameter_space, snapshots_per_block,
extension_alg_name, max_extensions, use_estimator, pool):
from pymor.algorithms.greedy import rb_greedy
# run greedy
training_set = parameter_space.sample_uniformly(snapshots_per_block)
greedy_data = rb_greedy(fom, reductor, training_set,
use_estimator=use_estimator, error_norm=fom.h1_0_semi_norm,
extension_params={'method': extension_alg_name}, max_extensions=max_extensions,
pool=pool)
rom = greedy_data['rom']
# generate summary
real_rb_size = rom.solution_space.dim
training_set_size = len(training_set)
summary = f'''Greedy basis generation:
size of training set: {training_set_size}
error estimator used: {use_estimator}
extension method: {extension_alg_name}
prescribed basis size: {max_extensions}
actual basis size: {real_rb_size}
elapsed time: {greedy_data["time"]}
'''
return rom, summary
[docs]def reduce_adaptive_greedy(fom, reductor, parameter_space, validation_mus,
extension_alg_name, max_extensions, use_estimator,
rho, gamma, theta, pool):
from pymor.algorithms.adaptivegreedy import rb_adaptive_greedy
# run greedy
greedy_data = rb_adaptive_greedy(fom, reductor, parameter_space, validation_mus=-validation_mus,
use_estimator=use_estimator, error_norm=fom.h1_0_semi_norm,
extension_params={'method': extension_alg_name}, max_extensions=max_extensions,
rho=rho, gamma=gamma, theta=theta, pool=pool)
rom = greedy_data['rom']
# generate summary
real_rb_size = rom.solution_space.dim
# the validation set consists of `validation_mus` random parameters plus the centers of the adaptive sample set cells
validation_mus += 1
summary = f'''Adaptive greedy basis generation:
initial size of validation set: {validation_mus}
error estimator used: {use_estimator}
extension method: {extension_alg_name}
prescribed basis size: {max_extensions}
actual basis size: {real_rb_size}
elapsed time: {greedy_data["time"]}
'''
return rom, summary
[docs]def reduce_pod(fom, reductor, parameter_space, snapshots_per_block, basis_size):
from pymor.algorithms.pod import pod
tic = time.time()
training_set = parameter_space.sample_uniformly(snapshots_per_block)
print('Solving on training set ...')
snapshots = fom.operator.source.empty(reserve=len(training_set))
for mu in training_set:
snapshots.append(fom.solve(mu))
print('Performing POD ...')
basis, singular_values = pod(snapshots, modes=basis_size, product=reductor.products['RB'])
print('Reducing ...')
reductor.extend_basis(basis, method='trivial')
rom = reductor.reduce()
elapsed_time = time.time() - tic
# generate summary
real_rb_size = rom.solution_space.dim
training_set_size = len(training_set)
summary = f'''POD basis generation:
size of training set: {training_set_size}
prescribed basis size: {basis_size}
actual basis size: {real_rb_size}
elapsed time: {elapsed_time}
'''
return rom, summary
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1:])