pymor.bindings package

Submodules

fenics module

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.ComplexifiedFenicsVector(real_part, imag_part)

Bases: pymor.vectorarrays.list.ComplexifiedVector

Methods

ComplexifiedFenicsVector	amax
ComplexifiedVector	axpy, conj, copy, dofs, dot, l1_norm, l2_norm, l2_norm2, scal, sup_norm, to_numpy
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

ComplexifiedVector	imag, real
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.FenicsMatrixOperator(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.operators.list.LinearComplexifiedListVectorArrayOperatorBase

Wraps a FEniCS matrix as an Operator.

Methods

ListVectorArrayOperatorBase	apply, apply_adjoint, apply_inverse, apply_inverse_adjoint
Operator	apply2, as_range_array, as_source_array, as_vector, assemble, d_mu, jacobian, pairwise_apply2, restricted, __add__, __matmul__, __mul__, __radd__
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

LinearComplexifiedListVectorArrayOperatorBase	linear
Operator	H, range, solver_options, source
ParametricObject	parameters, parameters_inherited, parameters_internal, parameters_own, parametric
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.FenicsOperator(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.operators.interface.Operator

Wraps a FEniCS form as an Operator.

Methods

FenicsOperator	apply, jacobian, restricted
Operator	apply2, apply_adjoint, apply_inverse, apply_inverse_adjoint, as_range_array, as_source_array, as_vector, assemble, d_mu, pairwise_apply2, __add__, __matmul__, __mul__, __radd__
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

FenicsOperator	linear
Operator	H, range, solver_options, source
ParametricObject	parameters, parameters_inherited, parameters_internal, parameters_own, parametric
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

apply(U, mu=None)

Apply the operator to a VectorArray.

Parameters

U

VectorArray of vectors to which the operator is applied.

mu

The parameter values for which to evaluate the operator.

Returns

VectorArray of the operator evaluations.

jacobian(U, mu=None)

Return the operator’s Jacobian as a new Operator.

Parameters

U

Length 1 VectorArray containing the vector for which to compute the Jacobian.

mu

The parameter values for which to compute the Jacobian.

Returns

Linear Operator representing the Jacobian.

restricted(dofs)

Restrict the operator range to a given set of degrees of freedom.

This method returns a restricted version restricted_op of the operator along with an array source_dofs such that for any VectorArray U in self.source the following is true:

self.apply(U, mu).dofs(dofs)
    == restricted_op.apply(NumpyVectorArray(U.dofs(source_dofs)), mu))

Such an operator is mainly useful for empirical interpolation where the evaluation of the original operator only needs to be known for few selected degrees of freedom. If the operator has a small stencil, only few source_dofs will be needed to evaluate the restricted operator which can make its evaluation very fast compared to evaluating the original operator.

Parameters

dofs

One-dimensional NumPy array of degrees of freedom in the operator range to which to restrict.

Returns

restricted_op

The restricted operator as defined above. The operator will have NumpyVectorSpace (len(source_dofs)) as source and NumpyVectorSpace (len(dofs)) as range.

source_dofs

One-dimensional NumPy array of source degrees of freedom as defined above.

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.FenicsVector(impl)

Bases: pymor.vectorarrays.list.CopyOnWriteVector

Wraps a FEniCS vector to make it usable with ListVectorArray.

Methods

FenicsVector	amax, dofs, dot, from_instance, l1_norm, l2_norm, l2_norm2, sup_norm, to_numpy
CopyOnWriteVector	axpy, copy, scal
Vector	conj
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

Vector	imag, real
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.FenicsVectorSpace(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.vectorarrays.list.ComplexifiedListVectorSpace

Methods

FenicsVectorSpace	real_full_vector, real_make_vector, real_random_vector, real_vector_from_numpy, real_zero_vector
ComplexifiedListVectorSpace	full_vector, make_vector, random_vector, vector_from_numpy, zero_vector
ListVectorSpace	from_numpy, full, make_array, ones, ones_vector, random, space_from_dim, space_from_vector_obj, zeros
VectorSpace	empty, from_data
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

FenicsVectorSpace	complexified_vector_type, dim
VectorSpace	id, is_scalar
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

complexified_vector_type

alias of ComplexifiedFenicsVector

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.FenicsVisualizer(space, mesh_refinements=0)

Bases: pymor.core.base.BasicObject

Visualize a FEniCS grid function.

Parameters

space

The FenicsVectorSpace for which we want to visualize DOF vectors.

mesh_refinements

Number of uniform mesh refinements to perform for vtk visualization (of functions from higher-order FE spaces).

Methods

FenicsVisualizer	visualize
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

BasicObject

logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

visualize(U, m, title='', legend=None, filename=None, block=True, separate_colorbars=True)

Visualize the provided data.

Parameters

U

VectorArray of the data to visualize (length must be 1). Alternatively, a tuple of VectorArrays which will be visualized in separate windows. If filename is specified, only one VectorArray may be provided which, however, is allowed to contain multipled vectors that will be interpreted as a time series.

m

Filled in by pymor.models.interface.Model.visualize (ignored).

title

Title of the plot.

legend

Description of the data that is plotted. If U is a tuple of VectorArrays, legend has to be a tuple of the same length.

filename

If specified, write the data to that file. filename needs to have an extension supported by FEniCS (e.g. .pvd).

separate_colorbars

If True, use separate colorbars for each subplot.

block

If True, block execution until the plot window is closed.

---

class pymor.bindings.fenics.RestrictedFenicsOperator(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.operators.interface.Operator

Methods

RestrictedFenicsOperator	apply, jacobian
Operator	apply2, apply_adjoint, apply_inverse, apply_inverse_adjoint, as_range_array, as_source_array, as_vector, assemble, d_mu, pairwise_apply2, restricted, __add__, __matmul__, __mul__, __radd__
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

RestrictedFenicsOperator	linear
Operator	H, range, solver_options, source
ParametricObject	parameters, parameters_inherited, parameters_internal, parameters_own, parametric
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

apply(U, mu=None)

Apply the operator to a VectorArray.

Parameters

U

VectorArray of vectors to which the operator is applied.

mu

The parameter values for which to evaluate the operator.

Returns

VectorArray of the operator evaluations.

jacobian(U, mu=None)

Return the operator’s Jacobian as a new Operator.

Parameters

U

Length 1 VectorArray containing the vector for which to compute the Jacobian.

mu

The parameter values for which to compute the Jacobian.

Returns

Linear Operator representing the Jacobian.

---

pymor.bindings.fenics.compute_parent_facet_indices(submesh, mesh)

ngsolve module

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.ComplexifiedNGSolveVector(real_part, imag_part)

Bases: pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVectorCommon, pymor.vectorarrays.list.ComplexifiedVector

Methods

NGSolveVectorCommon	amax, dofs, l1_norm
ComplexifiedVector	axpy, conj, copy, dot, l2_norm, l2_norm2, scal, sup_norm, to_numpy
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

ComplexifiedVector	imag, real
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveMatrixOperator(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.operators.list.LinearComplexifiedListVectorArrayOperatorBase

Wraps a NGSolve matrix as an Operator.

Methods

NGSolveMatrixOperator	as_vector
ListVectorArrayOperatorBase	apply, apply_adjoint, apply_inverse, apply_inverse_adjoint
Operator	apply2, as_range_array, as_source_array, assemble, d_mu, jacobian, pairwise_apply2, restricted, __add__, __matmul__, __mul__, __radd__
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

LinearComplexifiedListVectorArrayOperatorBase	linear
Operator	H, range, solver_options, source
ParametricObject	parameters, parameters_inherited, parameters_internal, parameters_own, parametric
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

as_vector(copy=True)

Return a vector representation of a linear functional or vector operator.

Depending on the operator’s source and range, this method is equivalent to calling as_range_array or as_source_array respectively. The resulting VectorArray is required to have length 1.

Parameters

mu

The parameter values for which to return the vector representation.

Returns

V

VectorArray of length 1 containing the vector representation.

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVector(impl)

Bases: pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVectorCommon, pymor.vectorarrays.list.CopyOnWriteVector

Wraps a NGSolve BaseVector to make it usable with ListVectorArray.

Methods

NGSolveVector	dot, from_instance, l2_norm, l2_norm2, to_numpy
NGSolveVectorCommon	amax, dofs, l1_norm
CopyOnWriteVector	axpy, copy, scal
Vector	conj, sup_norm
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

Vector	imag, real
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVectorCommon

Bases: object

Methods

NGSolveVectorCommon

amax, dofs, l1_norm

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVectorSpace(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.vectorarrays.list.ComplexifiedListVectorSpace

Methods

NGSolveVectorSpace	real_make_vector, real_vector_from_numpy, real_zero_vector, space_from_vector_obj
ComplexifiedListVectorSpace	full_vector, make_vector, random_vector, real_full_vector, real_random_vector, vector_from_numpy, zero_vector
ListVectorSpace	from_numpy, full, make_array, ones, ones_vector, random, space_from_dim, zeros
VectorSpace	empty, from_data
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

NGSolveVectorSpace	complexified_vector_type, dim, value_dim
VectorSpace	id, is_scalar
BasicObject	logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

complexified_vector_type

alias of ComplexifiedNGSolveVector

---

class pymor.bindings.ngsolve.NGSolveVisualizer(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: pymor.core.base.ImmutableObject

Visualize an NGSolve grid function.

Methods

NGSolveVisualizer	visualize
ImmutableObject	with_, __setattr__
BasicObject	disable_logging, enable_logging

Attributes

BasicObject

logger, logging_disabled, name, uid

visualize(U, m, legend=None, separate_colorbars=True, block=True)

Visualize the provided data.

pyamg module

---

pymor.bindings.pyamg.apply_inverse(op, V, initial_guess=None, options=None, least_squares=False, check_finite=True, default_solver='pyamg_solve')

Solve linear equation system.

Applies the inverse of op to the vectors in V using PyAMG.

Parameters

op

The linear, non-parametric Operator to invert.

V

VectorArray of right-hand sides for the equation system.

initial_guess

VectorArray with the same length as V containing initial guesses for the solution. Some implementations of apply_inverse may ignore this parameter. If None a solver-dependent default is used.

options

The solver_options to use (see solver_options).

least_squares

Must be False.

check_finite

Test if solution only contains finite values.

default_solver

Default solver to use (pyamg_solve, pyamg_rs, pyamg_sa).

Returns

VectorArray of the solution vectors.

Defaults

check_finite, default_solver (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.pyamg.solver_options(tol=1e-05, maxiter=400, verb=False, rs_strength='classical', {'theta': 0.25}, rs_CF='RS', rs_presmoother='gauss_seidel', {'sweep': 'symmetric'}, rs_postsmoother='gauss_seidel', {'sweep': 'symmetric'}, rs_max_levels=10, rs_max_coarse=500, rs_coarse_solver='pinv2', rs_cycle='V', rs_accel=None, rs_tol=1e-05, rs_maxiter=100, sa_symmetry='hermitian', sa_strength='symmetric', sa_aggregate='standard', sa_smooth='jacobi', {'omega': 1.3333333333333333}, sa_presmoother='block_gauss_seidel', {'sweep': 'symmetric'}, sa_postsmoother='block_gauss_seidel', {'sweep': 'symmetric'}, sa_improve_candidates='block_gauss_seidel', {'sweep': 'symmetric', 'iterations': 4}, None, sa_max_levels=10, sa_max_coarse=500, sa_diagonal_dominance=False, sa_coarse_solver='pinv2', sa_cycle='V', sa_accel=None, sa_tol=1e-05, sa_maxiter=100)

Returns available solvers with default solver_options for the PyAMG backend.

Parameters

tol

Tolerance for PyAMG blackbox solver.

maxiter

Maximum iterations for PyAMG blackbox solver.

verb

Verbosity flag for PyAMG blackbox solver.

rs_strength

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_CF

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_presmoother

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_postsmoother

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_max_levels

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_max_coarse

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_coarse_solver

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_cycle

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_accel

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_tol

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

rs_maxiter

Parameter for PyAMG Ruge-Stuben solver.

sa_symmetry

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_strength

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_aggregate

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_smooth

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_presmoother

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_postsmoother

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_improve_candidates

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_max_levels

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_max_coarse

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_diagonal_dominance

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_coarse_solver

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_cycle

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_accel

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_tol

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

sa_maxiter

Parameter for PyAMG Smoothed-Aggregation solver.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver_options.

Defaults

tol, maxiter, verb, rs_strength, rs_CF, rs_postsmoother, rs_max_levels, rs_max_coarse, rs_coarse_solver, rs_cycle, rs_accel, rs_tol, rs_maxiter, sa_symmetry, sa_strength, sa_aggregate, sa_smooth, sa_presmoother, sa_postsmoother, sa_improve_candidates, sa_max_levels, sa_max_coarse, sa_diagonal_dominance, sa_coarse_solver, sa_cycle, sa_accel, sa_tol, sa_maxiter (see pymor.core.defaults)

pymess module

---

class pymor.bindings.pymess.LyapunovEquation(opt, A, E, B)

Bases: pymess.equation.Equation

Lyapunov equation class for pymess

Represents a (generalized) continuous-time algebraic Lyapunov equation:

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_NONE and E is None:

  \[A X + X A^T + B B^T = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_NONE and E is not None:

  \[A X E^T + E X A^T + B B^T = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_TRANSPOSE and E is None:

  \[A^T X + X A + B^T B = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_TRANSPOSE and E is not None:

  \[A^T X E + E^T X A + B^T B = 0.\]

Parameters

opt

pymess Options structure.

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

Methods

LyapunovEquation	ainv_apply, apeinv_apply, apex_apply, ax_apply, einv_apply, ex_apply, parameter
Equation	ainv_clear, ainv_generate, apeinv_clear, apeinv_generate, apex_clear, apex_generate, ax_clear, ax_generate, einv_clear, einv_generate, ex_clear, ex_generate, __repr__, __str__

Attributes

Equation

b, c, dim, k, name, options, rhs

ainv_apply(op, y)

Applies the inverse of \(A\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \(Ax =y\).

apeinv_apply(op, p, idx_p, y)

Applies the inverse of \(A+pE\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \((A+pE)x = y\).

apex_apply(op, p, idx_p, y)

Applies function the operator of \(A+pE\). It has to return \(x=(A+pE)y\).

ax_apply(op, y)

Applies \(A\) to a right hand side. It has to return the result of \(x = Ay\).

einv_apply(op, y)

Applies the inverse of \(E\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \(Ex = y\).

ex_apply(op, y)

Applies \(E\) to a right hand side. It has to return the result of \(x = Ey\).

parameter(arp_p, arp_m, B=None, K=None)

The parameter function has to return the shift parameters. If None is returned shift parameter will be automatically determined. The Shift parameter strategy is determined by the options structure.

---

class pymor.bindings.pymess.RiccatiEquation(opt, A, E, B, C)

Bases: pymess.equation.Equation

Riccati equation class for pymess

Represents a Riccati equation

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_NONE and E is None:

  \[A X + X A^T - X C^T C X + B B^T = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_NONE and E is not None:

  \[A X E^T + E X A^T - E X C^T C X E^T + B B^T = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_TRANSPOSE and E is None:

  \[A^T X + X A - X B B^T X + C^T C = 0,\]

• if opt.type is pymess.MESS_OP_TRANSPOSE and E is not None:

  \[A^T X E + E^T X A - E X B B^T X E^T + C^T C = 0.\]

Parameters

opt

pymess Options structure.

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

Methods

RiccatiEquation	ainv_apply, apeinv_apply, apex_apply, ax_apply, einv_apply, ex_apply, parameter
Equation	ainv_clear, ainv_generate, apeinv_clear, apeinv_generate, apex_clear, apex_generate, ax_clear, ax_generate, einv_clear, einv_generate, ex_clear, ex_generate, __repr__, __str__

Attributes

Equation

b, c, dim, k, name, options, rhs

ainv_apply(op, y)

Applies the inverse of \(A\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \(Ax =y\).

apeinv_apply(op, p, idx_p, y)

Applies the inverse of \(A+pE\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \((A+pE)x = y\).

apex_apply(op, p, idx_p, y)

Applies function the operator of \(A+pE\). It has to return \(x=(A+pE)y\).

ax_apply(op, y)

Applies \(A\) to a right hand side. It has to return the result of \(x = Ay\).

einv_apply(op, y)

Applies the inverse of \(E\) to a right hand side. It has to return the solution of \(Ex = y\).

ex_apply(op, y)

Applies \(E\) to a right hand side. It has to return the result of \(x = Ey\).

parameter(arp_p, arp_m, B=None, K=None)

The parameter function has to return the shift parameters. If None is returned shift parameter will be automatically determined. The Shift parameter strategy is determined by the options structure.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess._call_pymess_dense_nm_gmpare(A, E, B, C, R, S, trans=False, options=None, plus=False, method_name='')

Return the solution from pymess.dense_nm_gmpare solver.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare_solver_options(linesearch=False, maxit=50, absres_tol=1e-11, relres_tol=1e-12, nrm=0)

Return available Riccati solvers with default options for the pymess backend.

Also see lradi_solver_options.

Parameters

linesearch

See pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

maxit

See pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

absres_tol

See pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

relres_tol

See pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

nrm

See pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

Defaults

linesearch, maxit, absres_tol, relres_tol, nrm (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.lradi_solver_options(adi_maxit=500, adi_memory_usage=1, adi_output=1, adi_rel_change_tol=1e-10, adi_res2_tol=1e-10, adi_res2c_tol=1e-11, adi_shifts_arp_m=32, adi_shifts_arp_p=48, adi_shifts_b0=None, adi_shifts_l0=16, adi_shifts_p=None, adi_shifts_paratype=3)

Return available adi solver options with default values for the pymess backend.

Parameters

adi_maxit

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_memory_usage

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_output

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_rel_change_tol

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_res2_tol

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_res2c_tol

See pymess.OptionsAdi.

adi_shifts_arp_m

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

adi_shifts_arp_p

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

adi_shifts_b0

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

adi_shifts_l0

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

adi_shifts_p

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

adi_shifts_paratype

See pymess.OptionsAdiShifts.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

Defaults

adi_maxit, adi_memory_usage, adi_output, adi_rel_change_tol, adi_res2_tol, adi_res2c_tol, adi_shifts_arp_m, adi_shifts_arp_p, adi_shifts_b0, adi_shifts_l0, adi_shifts_p, adi_shifts_paratype (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.lrnm_solver_options(newton_gstep=0, newton_k0=None, newton_linesearch=0, newton_maxit=30, newton_output=1, newton_res2_tol=1e-10, newton_singleshifts=0)

Return available adi solver options with default values for the pymess backend.

Parameters

newton_gstep

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_k0

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_linesearch

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_maxit

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_output

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_res2_tol

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

newton_singleshifts

See pymess.OptionsNewton.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

Defaults

newton_gstep, newton_k0, newton_linesearch, newton_maxit, newton_output, newton_res2_tol, newton_singleshifts (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.lyap_dense_solver_options()

Return available Lyapunov solvers with default options for the pymess backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.lyap_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Lyapunov solvers with default options for the pymess backend.

Also see lradi_solver_options.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available positive Riccati solvers with default options for the pymess backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Riccati solvers with default options for the pymess backend.

Also see dense_nm_gmpcare_solver_options and lrnm_solver_options.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.solve_lyap_dense(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None)

Compute the solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_dense for a general description.

This function uses pymess.glyap.

Parameters

A

The operator A as a 2D NumPy array.

E

The operator E as a 2D NumPy array or None.

B

The operator B as a 2D NumPy array.

trans

Whether the first operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_dense_solver_options).

Returns

X

Lyapunov equation solution as a NumPy array.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.solve_lyap_lrcf(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None, default_solver=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses pymess.glyap and pymess.lradi. For both methods, to_numpy and from_numpy need to be implemented for A.source. Additionally, since glyap is a dense solver, it expects to_matrix to work for A and E.

If the solver is not specified using the options or default_solver arguments, glyap is used for small problems (smaller than defined with mat_eqn_sparse_min_size) and lradi for large problems.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_lrcf_solver_options).

default_solver

Default solver to use (pymess_lradi, pymess_glyap). If None, choose solver depending on the dimension of A.

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Lyapunov equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

Defaults

default_solver (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a positive Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.pymess.solve_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None, default_solver=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses pymess.dense_nm_gmpcare and pymess.lrnm. For both methods, to_numpy and from_numpy need to be implemented for A.source. Additionally, since dense_nm_gmpcare is a dense solver, it expects to_matrix to work for A and E.

If the solver is not specified using the options or default_solver arguments, dense_nm_gmpcare is used for small problems (smaller than defined with mat_eqn_sparse_min_size) and lrnm for large problems.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

default_solver

Default solver to use (pymess_lrnm, pymess_dense_nm_gmpcare). If None, chose solver depending on dimension A.

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

Defaults

default_solver (see pymor.core.defaults)

scipy module

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.apply_inverse(op, V, initial_guess=None, options=None, least_squares=False, check_finite=True, default_solver='scipy_spsolve', default_least_squares_solver='scipy_least_squares_lsmr')

Solve linear equation system.

Applies the inverse of op to the vectors in V using SciPy.

Parameters

op

The linear, non-parametric Operator to invert.

V

VectorArray of right-hand sides for the equation system.

initial_guess

VectorArray with the same length as V containing initial guesses for the solution. Some implementations of apply_inverse may ignore this parameter. If None a solver-dependent default is used.

options

The solver_options to use (see solver_options).

least_squares

If True, return least squares solution.

check_finite

Test if solution only contains finite values.

default_solver

Default solver to use (scipy_spsolve, scipy_bicgstab, scipy_bicgstab_spilu, scipy_lgmres, scipy_least_squares_lsmr, scipy_least_squares_lsqr).

default_least_squares_solver

Default solver to use for least squares problems (scipy_least_squares_lsmr, scipy_least_squares_lsqr).

Returns

VectorArray of the solution vectors.

Defaults

check_finite, default_solver, default_least_squares_solver (see pymor.core.defaults)

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.lyap_dense_solver_options()

Return available dense Lyapunov solvers with default options for the SciPy backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.lyap_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Lyapunov solvers with default options for the SciPy backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.matrix_astype_nocopy(matrix, dtype)

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available positive Riccati solvers with default options for the SciPy backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Riccati solvers with default options for the SciPy backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.solve_lyap_dense(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None)

Compute the solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_dense for a general description.

This function uses scipy.linalg.solve_continuous_lyapunov, which is a dense solver for Lyapunov equations with E=I.

Note

If E is not None, the problem will be reduced to a standard continuous-time algebraic Lyapunov equation by inverting E.

Parameters

A

The operator A as a 2D NumPy array.

E

The operator E as a 2D NumPy array or None.

B

The operator B as a 2D NumPy array.

trans

Whether the first operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_dense_solver_options).

Returns

X

Lyapunov equation solution as a NumPy array.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.solve_lyap_lrcf(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses scipy.linalg.solve_continuous_lyapunov, which is a dense solver for Lyapunov equations with E=I. Therefore, we assume A and E can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and that B.to_numpy is implemented.

Note

If E is not None, the problem will be reduced to a standard continuous-time algebraic Lyapunov equation by inverting E.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Lyapunov equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a positive Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses scipy.linalg.solve_continuous_are, which is a dense solver. Therefore, we assume all Operators and VectorArrays can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and to_numpy.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the positive Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the positive Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.solve_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses scipy.linalg.solve_continuous_are, which is a dense solver. Therefore, we assume all Operators and VectorArrays can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and to_numpy.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.scipy.solver_options(bicgstab_tol=1e-15, bicgstab_maxiter=None, spilu_drop_tol=0.0001, spilu_fill_factor=10, spilu_drop_rule=None, spilu_permc_spec='COLAMD', spsolve_permc_spec='COLAMD', spsolve_keep_factorization=True, lgmres_tol=1e-05, lgmres_maxiter=1000, lgmres_inner_m=39, lgmres_outer_k=3, least_squares_lsmr_damp=0.0, least_squares_lsmr_atol=1e-06, least_squares_lsmr_btol=1e-06, least_squares_lsmr_conlim=100000000.0, least_squares_lsmr_maxiter=None, least_squares_lsmr_show=False, least_squares_lsqr_damp=0.0, least_squares_lsqr_atol=1e-06, least_squares_lsqr_btol=1e-06, least_squares_lsqr_conlim=100000000.0, least_squares_lsqr_iter_lim=None, least_squares_lsqr_show=False)

Returns available solvers with default solver_options for the SciPy backend.

Parameters

bicgstab_tol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.bicgstab.

bicgstab_maxiter

See scipy.sparse.linalg.bicgstab.

spilu_drop_tol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spilu.

spilu_fill_factor

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spilu.

spilu_drop_rule

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spilu.

spilu_permc_spec

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spilu.

spsolve_permc_spec

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spsolve.

spsolve_keep_factorization

See scipy.sparse.linalg.spsolve.

lgmres_tol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lgmres.

lgmres_maxiter

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lgmres.

lgmres_inner_m

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lgmres.

lgmres_outer_k

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lgmres.

least_squares_lsmr_damp

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsmr_atol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsmr_btol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsmr_conlim

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsmr_maxiter

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsmr_show

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsmr.

least_squares_lsqr_damp

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

least_squares_lsqr_atol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

least_squares_lsqr_btol

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

least_squares_lsqr_conlim

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

least_squares_lsqr_iter_lim

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

least_squares_lsqr_show

See scipy.sparse.linalg.lsqr.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver_options.

Defaults

bicgstab_tol, bicgstab_maxiter, spilu_drop_tol, spilu_fill_factor, spilu_drop_rule, spilu_permc_spec, spsolve_permc_spec, spsolve_keep_factorization, lgmres_tol, lgmres_maxiter, lgmres_inner_m, lgmres_outer_k, least_squares_lsmr_damp, least_squares_lsmr_atol, least_squares_lsmr_btol, least_squares_lsmr_conlim, least_squares_lsmr_maxiter, least_squares_lsmr_show, least_squares_lsqr_atol, least_squares_lsqr_btol, least_squares_lsqr_conlim, least_squares_lsqr_iter_lim, least_squares_lsqr_show (see pymor.core.defaults)

slycot module

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.lyap_dense_solver_options()

Return available Lyapunov solvers with default options for the slycot backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.lyap_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Lyapunov solvers with default options for the slycot backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available positive Riccati solvers with default options for the slycot backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.ricc_lrcf_solver_options()

Return available Riccati solvers with default options for the slycot backend.

Returns

A dict of available solvers with default solver options.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.solve_lyap_dense(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None)

Compute the solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_dense for a general description.

This function uses slycot.sb03md (if E is None) and slycot.sg03ad (if E is not None), which are based on the Bartels-Stewart algorithm.

Parameters

A

The operator A as a 2D NumPy array.

E

The operator E as a 2D NumPy array or None.

B

The operator B as a 2D NumPy array.

trans

Whether the first operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_dense_solver_options).

Returns

X

Lyapunov equation solution as a NumPy array.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.solve_lyap_lrcf(A, E, B, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Lyapunov equation.

See pymor.algorithms.lyapunov.solve_lyap_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses slycot.sb03md (if E is None) and slycot.sg03ad (if E is not None), which are dense solvers based on the Bartels-Stewart algorithm. Therefore, we assume A and E can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and that B.to_numpy is implemented.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Lyapunov equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see lyap_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Lyapunov equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a positive Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_pos_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses slycot.sb02md (if E and S are None), slycot.sb02od (if E is None and S is not None) and slycot.sg03ad (if E is not None), which are dense solvers. Therefore, we assume all Operators and VectorArrays can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and to_numpy.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the positive Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see pos_ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the positive Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.

---

pymor.bindings.slycot.solve_ricc_lrcf(A, E, B, C, R=None, S=None, trans=False, options=None)

Compute an approximate low-rank solution of a Riccati equation.

See pymor.algorithms.riccati.solve_ricc_lrcf for a general description.

This function uses slycot.sb02md (if E and S are None), slycot.sb02od (if E is None and S is not None) and slycot.sg03ad (if E is not None), which are dense solvers. Therefore, we assume all Operators and VectorArrays can be converted to NumPy arrays using to_matrix and to_numpy.

Parameters

A

The non-parametric Operator A.

E

The non-parametric Operator E or None.

B

The operator B as a VectorArray from A.source.

C

The operator C as a VectorArray from A.source.

R

The operator R as a 2D NumPy array or None.

S

The operator S as a VectorArray from A.source or None.

trans

Whether the first Operator in the Riccati equation is transposed.

options

The solver options to use (see ricc_lrcf_solver_options).

Returns

Z

Low-rank Cholesky factor of the Riccati equation solution, VectorArray from A.source.